前回に引き続き、FEMAのホームページから山火事の英語表現について勉強していきます。FEMAでは、山火事発生のリスクのある地域に住む人々に対して、防災グッズの紹介や、発生時から発生後の対応までの段階別のチェックリストなど、多くの情報提供をしています。今回は、それらの資料から “Wildfire evacuation checklist”を使って問題形式で学習します。英語を学ぶとともに、米国の危機管理についても理解を深められることでしょう。ヒントを活用してどれだけ答えられるか挑戦してみましょう。

なお、解答については、最後にまとめていますので、ご自身で答え合わせをしてみてください。

では、さっそくはじめましょう！下記の文章について、(　)内の赤字の単語で、当てはまるもの１つを選んでください。

1. A wildfire may make it necessary for you and your neighbors to （emerge/attack/evacuate）. Plan, prepare and practice wildfire evacuation together and with your local emergency services. This can help save lives! 　　

ヒント：remove, clear, move out, take away

2. Sign up to receive local emergency ⓵(alerts/brake/rooms) and
② (acceptations/warnings/doctrine) on all home phones, cellphones and other devices.

ヒント:⓵caution　ヒント②alarm

3. Know what your community’s emergency
(strategy/notification/case) and evacuation plans are.

ヒント： announcement

4. Plan an evacuation route away from your home and other （alternative/avenue/parking）　routes in case the first route is closed or threatened by wildfire.

ヒント：choice, option

5. Make sure your （divided/designated/dominated）contact knows your plan and to communicate with you to know you are safe.

ヒント：fixed

6. Know the evacuation plans for locations where
 （blood/nuclear/household） members regularly are such as workplaces, schools and commuter routes.

ヒント：family

7. Plan to evacuate family, friends or neighbors who have
(disabilities/faults/insufficiency).

ヒント：handicap　

8. Maintain roads and bridges on your property and in your community if you are responsible for them. Improve roads to have 2 ①（hallways/ways-out/porches）and make them wide enough for emergency ②（vehicle/weapon/driver）. Make sure everyone can open gated roads. Post load limits on bridges. Build culverts with materials that won’t melt.

ヒント①： exit　ヒント②：car

9. Prepack （urgent/perilous/emergency） supply kits.

ヒント：訳「防災キット」

10. Back vehicles into your garage or park them in an open space facing the direction of (escape/invade/lose).

ヒント：flee, run away, get out

11. Keep the （take out/gas tank/power outage） in vehicles at least half full.

ヒント： petrol station

12. Practice often with everyone in your home, using at least 2 ways out of your （market/store/ neighborhood）.

ヒント： zone, area, community

13. Participate in community wildfire ①（drills/challenges/exams）. If something could ②（get/keep/give） you from leaving successfully, such as a locked gate, address it immediately.

ヒント①：test, practice　ヒント②：訳　～させないようにする

14. Practice evacuating animals and pets, including how to operate trailers and other vehicles needed to （assemble/transport/ purchase） them. Know what resources are needed for their care in case of evacuation.

ヒント： send, ship, dispatch

15. Charge all cellphones in case of （nuclear/petrol/ power） loss.

ヒント：energy

16. Know the local fire conditions and be prepared to leave at a moment’s (notice/while/note).

ヒント：immediately

17. Leave early if you are concerned. It may take more time than you think to evacuate due to heavier traffic and decreased （visibility/sound/environment）, or if you have small children, pets or livestock, or have physical challenges.

ヒント：apparentness, observability

18. Go （lazily/solemnly/ promptly） when told to evacuate.

ヒント： immediately

19. Don’t drive out with trailers or large vehicles like RV’s, especially if you are unfamiliar with operating them. A①(stalled/disassembled/
exploded) or ②(abandoned/free/shabby) vehicle makes it hard for others to leave and first responders to get into the area.

ヒント①：engine stop　ヒント②： disused, rejected

20. Keep your car windows up and the air conditioning on to prevent （embers/timbers/hails） and smoke from entering the vehicle.

ヒント：訳「残り火」

21. Continue to listen for （adjunct/additional/complementary） evacuation instructions.

ヒント：added, another, further

22. Make sure that everyone is okay once you are out. If someone is injured or not feeling well, get （immediate/dallying/sluggish） assistance.

ヒント：instant, fast, prompt

23. Inform your designated （preference/contact/taste） as soon as you are safe.

ヒント：connection

24. Don’t return to your home until you are told you can (safely/
insecurely/uncertainly) do so.

ヒント：protected, shielded

25. Follow safety (guidance/law/custom), including bringing in fresh water and other supplies.

ヒント： advice

おまけ

下図は山火事リスクのある地域住民に向けた住宅の防災対策です。このほかにも、FEMAでは山火事対策について図を用いた対策を紹介しています。

画像を拡大 参考：FEMA “Wildfire evacuation checklist”より https://www.usfa.fema.gov/downloads/pdf/publications/wildfire-evacuation-checklist.pdf